Artikel IYRES: Kepelbagaian Perspektif Belia Malaysia Terhadap Aspirasi Kepimpinan Politik Negara

KEPELBAGAIAN PERSPEKTIF BELIA MALAYSIA TERHADAP ASPIRASI KEPIMPINAN POLITIK NEGARA

Mohd Mahzan Awang¹, Abdul Razaq Ahmad², Jamil Ahmad³

Fakulti Pendidikan

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

¹mahzan@ukm.edu.my, ²razaq@ukm.edu.my,³jamil3191@yahoo.co.uk

Abstrak

Dinamika kepimpinan politik negara perlu sering dilihat dalam pelbagai perspektif terutamanya kepada belia yang merupakan penentu kepada kepimpinan masa depan. Oleh itu, kajian ini meninjau aspirasi belia terhadap kepimpinan politik negara dari aspek kredibiliti karekter pemimpin, idealisme perjuangan politik, gaya kepimpinan politik, dan kecenderungan belia dalam pemilihan pemimpin politik. Menyedari kepelbagaian latar belakang sering menjadi faktor penentu kepada kepimpinan politik negara, kajian ini memfokuskan kepada análisis demografi yang merangkumi gender, etnik, lokasi (bandar dan luar bandar), dan kelulusan akademik tertinggi. Metodologi kajian ini menggunakan instrumen soal selidik Skala Likert 7-mata bagi mengenalpasti perbezaan berdasarkan demografi. Kajian ini melibatkan belia berumur 19 sehingga 25 tahun daripada lima zon di Malaysia yang diwakili oleh zon utara, selatan, timur, barat serta Sabah dan Sarawak. Analisis deskriptif memaparkan latar belakang responden kajian. Manakala, analisis inferensi menggunakan SPSS22.0 yang melibatkan ujian-t dan ANOVA satu hala. Dapatan kajian keseluruhannya menunjukkan bahawa sebahagian besarnya daripada empat konstruk utama dalam aspirasi kepimpinan politik negara adalah signifikan berdasarkan gender, etnik, lokasi (bandar dan luar bandar), dan kelulusan akademik tertinggi dalam kalangan belia. Namun begitu, tiada perbezaan yang signifikan bagi aspek integriti, gaya kepimpinan menyokong dan keprihatinan pemimpin politik. Begitu juga dengan aspek yang lain yang berkaitan dengan demografi. Analisis dapatan tersebut menunjukkan bahawa faktor demografi banyak mempengaruhi kecenderungan dan aspirasi belia terhadap kepimpinan politik negara. Justeru, kepimpinan politik negara masa kini perlu selari dengan aspirasi dan kecenderungan belia bagi menggerakkan belia dalam penyertaan mereka secara aktif dalam politik dan pelbagai aktiviti pembangunan negara.

Kata kunci: kepimpinan politik, belia, gaya kepimpinan politik, idealisme politik, kredibiliti pemimpin politik, sosio-demografi

Abstract

The dynamics of a country political leadership is supposed to be viewed in a various perspectives, especially from the youth perspectives who are the future leaders. Thus, the current study surveyed the Malaysian youth aspirations towards political leaderships based on the following aspects: characters of credible leaders, political idealism, political leadership styles, and youth aspirations towards political leaders. Realizing the diversity of socio-cultural backgrounds as a factor determining a country political leadership, the recent study focuses on how demographic factors including gender, ethnicity, location (urban and rural), and academic backgrounds affect the youth perspectives towards political lederships. This study utlised a survey method using a set of 7-point Likert Scale questionnaire for identifying differences based on demographics. The study involved youths aged 19 to 25 years from five zones in Malaysia i.e. the north, south, east, west as well as Sabah and Sarawak. Data were analysed using SPSS 22.0 by focusing on descriptive analysis and inferential analysis (t-test and One-Way ANOVA). Findings showed that there are significant differences between socio-demographic factors (genders, ethnicity, locations (urban and rural), and academic qualifications) and four major constructs of political leadership aspirations. However, results showed that there are no significant differences in the aspects of integrity, leadership support and inspired political leaders. The same thing goes to other aspects relating to demographic factors. These findings showed that demographic factors seemed to be influenced the youth’ aspirations and the tendencies in choosing a country's political leader. Therefore, the present political leadership must be acting in line with the aspirations of the youth in order to motivate youth participation in various political and national development activities.

Keywords: political leadership, youth, political leadership styles, political idealism, the credibility of political leaders, socio-demographic